OpenTelemetry를 사용하여 자체 호스팅 Kafka를 모니터링하세요.

receivers:
  # OTLP receiver for Kafka and JMX metrics from Java agents and application telemetry
  otlp:
    protocols:
      grpc:
        endpoint: "0.0.0.0:4317"

  # Kafka metrics receiver for cluster-level metrics
  kafkametrics:
    brokers: ${env:KAFKA_BOOTSTRAP_BROKER_ADDRESSES}
    protocol_version: 2.0.0
    scrapers:
      - brokers
      - topics
      - consumers
    collection_interval: 30s
    # Exclude internal Kafka topics (prefixed with __) at the source
    topic_match: "^[^_].*$"
    metrics:
      kafka.topic.min_insync_replicas:
        enabled: true
      kafka.topic.replication_factor:
        enabled: true
      kafka.partition.replicas:
        enabled: false
      kafka.partition.oldest_offset:
        enabled: false
      kafka.partition.current_offset:
        enabled: false

processors:
  batch/aggregation:
    send_batch_size: 1024
    timeout: 30s

  resourcedetection:
    detectors: [env, ec2, system]
    system:
      resource_attributes:
        host.name:
          enabled: true
        host.id:
          enabled: true

  resource:
    attributes:
      - action: insert
        key: kafka.cluster.name
        value: ${env:KAFKA_CLUSTER_NAME}

  transform/remove_broker_id:
    metric_statements:
      # Remove broker.id for cluster-level metrics — these represent the whole cluster,
      # not a specific broker. broker.id is retained on broker-level metrics pipelines.
      - context: resource
        statements:
          - delete_key(attributes, "broker.id")

  transform/remove_extra_attributes:
    metric_statements:
      - context: resource
        statements:
          # Delete all attributes starting with "process."
          - delete_matching_keys(attributes, "^process\\..*")
          # Delete all attributes starting with "telemetry."
          - delete_matching_keys(attributes, "^telemetry\\..*")
          - delete_key(attributes, "host.arch")
          - delete_key(attributes, "os.description")
          - delete_key(attributes, "host.image.id")
          - delete_key(attributes, "host.type")
          - delete_matching_keys(attributes, "^cloud\\..*")
          - delete_key(attributes, "service.instance.id") where IsMatch(attributes["service.name"], "^unknown_service:")
          - delete_key(attributes, "service.name") where IsMatch(attributes["service.name"], "^unknown_service:")

  # Filter internal Kafka topics as a safety net (kafkametrics topic_match handles the receiver side)
  filter/internal_topics:
    metrics:
      datapoint:
        - 'attributes["topic"] != nil and IsMatch(attributes["topic"], "^__.*")'

  filter/include_cluster_metrics:
    metrics:
      include:
        match_type: regexp
        metric_names:
          - "kafka\\.partition\\.offline"
          - "kafka\\.(leader|unclean)\\.election\\.rate"
          - "kafka\\.partition\\.non_preferred_leader"
          - "kafka\\.broker\\.fenced\\.count"
          - "kafka\\.cluster\\.partition\\.count"
          - "kafka\\.cluster\\.topic\\.count"

  filter/exclude_cluster_metrics:
    metrics:
      exclude:
        match_type: regexp
        metric_names:
          - "kafka\\.partition\\.offline"
          - "kafka\\.(leader|unclean)\\.election\\.rate"
          - "kafka\\.partition\\.non_preferred_leader"
          - "kafka\\.broker\\.fenced\\.count"
          - "kafka\\.cluster\\.partition\\.count"
          - "kafka\\.cluster\\.topic\\.count"

  transform/des_units:
    metric_statements:
      - context: metric
        statements:
          - set(description, "") where description != ""
          - set(unit, "") where unit != ""

  cumulativetodelta:

  metricstransform/kafka_topic_sum_aggregation:
    transforms:
      - include: kafka.partition.replicas_in_sync
        action: insert
        new_name: kafka.partition.replicas_in_sync.total
        operations:
          - action: aggregate_labels
            label_set: [topic]
            aggregation_type: sum

      - include: kafka.partition.replicas
        action: insert
        new_name: kafka.partition.replicas.total
        operations:
          - action: aggregate_labels
            label_set: [topic]
            aggregation_type: sum

  filter/remove_partition_level_replicas:
    metrics:
      exclude:
        match_type: strict
        metric_names:
          - kafka.partition.replicas_in_sync

  groupbyattrs/cluster:
    keys: [kafka.cluster.name]

  metricstransform/cluster_max:
    transforms:
      - include: "kafka\\.partition\\.offline|kafka\\.leader\\.election\\.rate|kafka\\.unclean\\.election\\.rate|kafka\\.partition\\.non_preferred_leader|kafka\\.broker\\.fenced\\.count|kafka\\.cluster\\.partition\\.count|kafka\\.cluster\\.topic\\.count"
        match_type: regexp
        action: update
        operations:
          - action: aggregate_labels
            aggregation_type: max
            label_set: []

exporters:
  otlp/newrelic:
    endpoint: ${env:NEW_RELIC_OTLP_ENDPOINT}
    headers:
      api-key: ${env:NEW_RELIC_LICENSE_KEY}
    compression: gzip
    timeout: 30s

service:
  pipelines:
    # Broker metrics pipeline (excludes cluster-level metrics)
    metrics/broker:
      receivers: [otlp, kafkametrics]
      processors:
        - resourcedetection
        - resource
        - filter/exclude_cluster_metrics
        - filter/internal_topics
        - transform/remove_extra_attributes
        - transform/des_units
        - cumulativetodelta
        - metricstransform/kafka_topic_sum_aggregation
        - filter/remove_partition_level_replicas
        - batch/aggregation
      exporters: [otlp/newrelic]

    # Cluster metrics pipeline (controller-emitted metrics like offline partitions, topic/partition counts — no broker.id)
    metrics/cluster:
      receivers: [otlp]
      processors:
        - resourcedetection
        - resource
        - filter/include_cluster_metrics
        - transform/remove_broker_id
        - transform/remove_extra_attributes
        - transform/des_units
        - cumulativetodelta
        - groupbyattrs/cluster
        - metricstransform/cluster_max
        - batch/aggregation
      exporters: [otlp/newrelic]

    # APM traces pipeline (producer + consumer spans via OTel Java agent)
    traces/apps:
      receivers: [otlp]
      processors: [resourcedetection, resource, batch/aggregation]
      exporters: [otlp/newrelic]

    # APM logs pipeline (producer + consumer logs via OTel Java agent)
    logs/apps:
      receivers: [otlp]
      processors: [resourcedetection, resource, batch/aggregation]
      exporters: [otlp/newrelic]

---
rules:
  # Per-topic custom metrics using custom MBean commands
  - bean: kafka.server:type=BrokerTopicMetrics,name=MessagesInPerSec,topic=*
    metricAttribute:
      topic: param(topic)
    mapping:
      Count:
        metric: kafka.prod.msg.count
        type: counter
        desc: The number of messages per topic
        unit: "{message}"

  - bean: kafka.server:type=BrokerTopicMetrics,name=BytesInPerSec,topic=*
    metricAttribute:
      topic: param(topic)
      direction: const(in)
    mapping:
      Count:
        metric: kafka.topic.io
        type: counter
        desc: The bytes received or sent per topic
        unit: By

  - bean: kafka.server:type=BrokerTopicMetrics,name=BytesOutPerSec,topic=*
    metricAttribute:
      topic: param(topic)
      direction: const(out)
    mapping:
      Count:
        metric: kafka.topic.io
        type: counter
        desc: The bytes received or sent per topic
        unit: By

  # Cluster-level metrics using controller-based MBeans
  - bean: kafka.controller:type=KafkaController,name=GlobalTopicCount
    mapping:
      Value:
        metric: kafka.cluster.topic.count
        type: gauge
        desc: The total number of global topics in the cluster
        unit: "{topic}"

  - bean: kafka.controller:type=KafkaController,name=GlobalPartitionCount
    mapping:
      Value:
        metric: kafka.cluster.partition.count
        type: gauge
        desc: The total number of global partitions in the cluster
        unit: "{partition}"

  - bean: kafka.controller:type=KafkaController,name=FencedBrokerCount
    mapping:
      Value:
        metric: kafka.broker.fenced.count
        type: gauge
        desc: The number of fenced brokers in the cluster
        unit: "{broker}"

  - bean: kafka.controller:type=KafkaController,name=PreferredReplicaImbalanceCount
    mapping:
      Value:
        metric: kafka.partition.non_preferred_leader
        type: gauge
        desc: The count of topic partitions for which the leader is not the preferred leader
        unit: "{partition}"

  # Broker-level metrics using ReplicaManager MBeans
  - bean: kafka.server:type=ReplicaManager,name=UnderMinIsrPartitionCount
    mapping:
      Value:
        metric: kafka.partition.under_min_isr
        type: gauge
        desc: The number of partitions where the number of in-sync replicas is less than the minimum
        unit: "{partition}"

  # Broker uptime metric using JVM Runtime
  - bean: java.lang:type=Runtime
    mapping:
      Uptime:
        metric: kafka.broker.uptime
        type: gauge
        desc: Broker uptime in milliseconds
        unit: ms

  # Leader count per broker
  - bean: kafka.server:type=ReplicaManager,name=LeaderCount
    mapping:
      Value:
        metric: kafka.broker.leader.count
        type: gauge
        desc: Number of partitions for which this broker is the leader
        unit: "{partition}"

  # JVM metrics
  - bean: java.lang:type=GarbageCollector,name=*
    mapping:
      CollectionCount:
        metric: jvm.gc.collections.count
        type: counter
        unit: "{collection}"
        desc: total number of collections that have occurred
        metricAttribute:
          name: param(name)

  - bean: java.lang:type=Memory
    unit: By
    prefix: jvm.memory.
    dropNegativeValues: true
    mapping:
      HeapMemoryUsage.max:
        metric: heap.max
        desc: current heap usage
        type: gauge
      HeapMemoryUsage.used:
        metric: heap.used
        desc: current heap usage
        type: gauge

  - bean: java.lang:type=Threading
    mapping:
      ThreadCount:
        metric: jvm.thread.count
        type: gauge
        unit: "{thread}"
        desc: Total thread count (Kafka typical range 100-300 threads)

  - bean: java.lang:type=OperatingSystem
    prefix: jvm.
    dropNegativeValues: true
    mapping:
      SystemCpuLoad:
        metric: system.cpu.utilization
        type: gauge
        unit: '1'
        desc: Recent CPU utilization for whole system (0.0 to 1.0)

  - bean: kafka.server:type=BrokerTopicMetrics,name=MessagesInPerSec
    mapping:
      Count:
        metric: kafka.message.count
        type: counter
        desc: The number of messages received by the broker
        unit: "{message}"

  - bean: kafka.server:type=BrokerTopicMetrics,name=TotalFetchRequestsPerSec
    metricAttribute:
      type: const(fetch)
    mapping:
      Count:
        metric: &metric kafka.request.count
        type: &type counter
        desc: &desc The number of requests received by the broker
        unit: &unit "{request}"

  - bean: kafka.server:type=BrokerTopicMetrics,name=TotalProduceRequestsPerSec
    metricAttribute:
      type: const(produce)
    mapping:
      Count:
        metric: *metric
        type: *type
        desc: *desc
        unit: *unit

  - bean: kafka.server:type=BrokerTopicMetrics,name=FailedFetchRequestsPerSec
    metricAttribute:
      type: const(fetch)
    mapping:
      Count:
        metric: &metric kafka.request.failed
        type: &type counter
        desc: &desc The number of requests to the broker resulting in a failure
        unit: &unit "{request}"

  - bean: kafka.server:type=BrokerTopicMetrics,name=FailedProduceRequestsPerSec
    metricAttribute:
      type: const(produce)
    mapping:
      Count:
        metric: *metric
        type: *type
        desc: *desc
        unit: *unit

  - beans:
      - kafka.network:type=RequestMetrics,name=TotalTimeMs,request=Produce
      - kafka.network:type=RequestMetrics,name=TotalTimeMs,request=FetchConsumer
      - kafka.network:type=RequestMetrics,name=TotalTimeMs,request=FetchFollower
    metricAttribute:
      type: param(request)
    unit: ms
    mapping:
      99thPercentile:
        metric: kafka.request.time.99p
        type: gauge
        desc: The 99th percentile time the broker has taken to service requests

  - bean: kafka.network:type=RequestChannel,name=RequestQueueSize
    mapping:
      Value:
        metric: kafka.request.queue
        type: gauge
        desc: Size of the request queue
        unit: "{request}"

  - bean: kafka.server:type=BrokerTopicMetrics,name=BytesInPerSec
    metricAttribute:
      direction: const(in)
    mapping:
      Count:
        metric: &metric kafka.network.io
        type: &type counter
        desc: &desc The bytes received or sent by the broker
        unit: &unit By

  - bean: kafka.server:type=BrokerTopicMetrics,name=BytesOutPerSec
    metricAttribute:
      direction: const(out)
    mapping:
      Count:
        metric: *metric
        type: *type
        desc: *desc
        unit: *unit

  - beans:
      - kafka.server:type=DelayedOperationPurgatory,name=PurgatorySize,delayedOperation=Produce
      - kafka.server:type=DelayedOperationPurgatory,name=PurgatorySize,delayedOperation=Fetch
    metricAttribute:
      type: param(delayedOperation)
    mapping:
      Value:
        metric: kafka.purgatory.size
        type: gauge
        desc: The number of requests waiting in purgatory
        unit: "{request}"

  - bean: kafka.server:type=ReplicaManager,name=PartitionCount
    mapping:
      Value:
        metric: kafka.partition.count
        type: gauge
        desc: The number of partitions on the broker
        unit: "{partition}"

  - bean: kafka.controller:type=KafkaController,name=OfflinePartitionsCount
    mapping:
      Value:
        metric: kafka.partition.offline
        type: gauge
        desc: The number of partitions offline
        unit: "{partition}"

  - bean: kafka.server:type=ReplicaManager,name=UnderReplicatedPartitions
    mapping:
      Value:
        metric: kafka.partition.under_replicated
        type: gauge
        desc: The number of under replicated partitions
        unit: "{partition}"

  - bean: kafka.server:type=ReplicaManager,name=IsrShrinksPerSec
    metricAttribute:
      operation: const(shrink)
    mapping:
      Count:
        metric: kafka.isr.operation.count
        type: counter
        desc: The number of in-sync replica shrink and expand operations
        unit: "{operation}"

  - bean: kafka.server:type=ReplicaManager,name=IsrExpandsPerSec
    metricAttribute:
      operation: const(expand)
    mapping:
      Count:
        metric: kafka.isr.operation.count
        type: counter
        desc: The number of in-sync replica shrink and expand operations
        unit: "{operation}"

  - bean: kafka.server:type=ReplicaFetcherManager,name=MaxLag,clientId=Replica
    mapping:
      Value:
        metric: kafka.max.lag
        type: gauge
        desc: The max lag in messages between follower and leader replicas
        unit: "{message}"

  - bean: kafka.controller:type=KafkaController,name=ActiveControllerCount
    mapping:
      Value:
        metric: kafka.controller.active.count
        type: gauge
        desc: For KRaft mode, the number of active controllers in the cluster. For ZooKeeper, indicates whether the broker is the controller broker.
        unit: "{controller}"

  - bean: kafka.controller:type=ControllerStats,name=LeaderElectionRateAndTimeMs
    mapping:
      Count:
        metric: kafka.leader.election.rate
        type: counter
        desc: The leader election count
        unit: "{election}"

  - bean: kafka.controller:type=ControllerStats,name=UncleanLeaderElectionsPerSec
    mapping:
      Count:
        metric: kafka.unclean.election.rate
        type: counter
        desc: Unclean leader election count - increasing indicates broker failures
        unit: "{election}"

  # ── Additional metrics — remove this section to reduce data ingest ───────────

  # Request latency: total count, 50th percentile, and average (99p kept above)
  - beans:
      - kafka.network:type=RequestMetrics,name=TotalTimeMs,request=Produce
      - kafka.network:type=RequestMetrics,name=TotalTimeMs,request=FetchConsumer
      - kafka.network:type=RequestMetrics,name=TotalTimeMs,request=FetchFollower
    metricAttribute:
      type: param(request)
    unit: ms
    mapping:
      Count:
        metric: kafka.request.time.total
        type: counter
        desc: The total time the broker has taken to service requests
      50thPercentile:
        metric: kafka.request.time.50p
        type: gauge
        desc: The 50th percentile time the broker has taken to service requests
      Mean:
        metric: kafka.request.time.avg
        type: gauge
        desc: The average time the broker has taken to service requests

  - bean: kafka.log:type=LogFlushStats,name=LogFlushRateAndTimeMs
    unit: ms
    type: gauge
    prefix: kafka.logs.flush.
    mapping:
      Count:
        metric: count
        unit: '{flush}'
        type: counter
        desc: Log flush count
      50thPercentile:
        metric: time.50p
        desc: Log flush time - 50th percentile
      99thPercentile:
        metric: time.99p
        desc: Log flush time - 99th percentile

  # GC elapsed time (cumulative collection time in ms)
  - bean: java.lang:type=GarbageCollector,name=*
    mapping:
      CollectionTime:
        metric: jvm.gc.collections.elapsed
        type: counter
        unit: ms
        desc: the approximate accumulated collection elapsed time in milliseconds
        metricAttribute:
          name: param(name)

  # JVM class loading
  - bean: java.lang:type=ClassLoading
    mapping:
      LoadedClassCount:
        metric: jvm.class.count
        type: gauge
        unit: "{class}"
        desc: Currently loaded class count

  # JVM heap committed (in addition to heap.used and heap.max)
  - bean: java.lang:type=Memory
    unit: By
    prefix: jvm.memory.
    dropNegativeValues: true
    mapping:
      HeapMemoryUsage.committed:
        metric: heap.committed
        desc: Committed heap memory
        type: gauge

  # Additional JVM CPU and system metrics
  - bean: java.lang:type=OperatingSystem
    prefix: jvm.
    dropNegativeValues: true
    mapping:
      SystemLoadAverage:
        metric: system.cpu.load_1m
        type: gauge
        unit: "{run_queue_item}"
        desc: System load average (1 minute) - alert if > CPU count
      AvailableProcessors:
        metric: cpu.count
        type: gauge
        unit: "{cpu}"
        desc: Number of processors available
      ProcessCpuLoad:
        metric: cpu.recent_utilization
        type: gauge
        unit: '1'
        desc: Recent CPU utilization for JVM process (0.0 to 1.0)
      OpenFileDescriptorCount:
        metric: file_descriptor.count
        type: gauge
        unit: "{file_descriptor}"
        desc: Number of open file descriptors - alert if > 80% of ulimit

  # JVM memory pool breakdown (by generation: G1 Old Gen, Eden, Survivor, etc.)
  - bean: java.lang:type=MemoryPool,name=*
    type: gauge
    unit: By
    metricAttribute:
      name: param(name)
    mapping:
      Usage.used:
        metric: jvm.memory.pool.used
        desc: Memory pool usage by generation (G1 Old Gen, Eden, Survivor)
      Usage.max:
        metric: jvm.memory.pool.max
        desc: Maximum memory pool size
      CollectionUsage.used:
        metric: jvm.memory.pool.used_after_last_gc
        desc: Memory used after last GC (shows retained memory baseline)